Fundamental Particles of the Universe Ranked by Size

Known as the "Standard Model of Particle Physics", there are 17 subatomic particles which cannot be broken down into smaller components. But determining particle size is tricky, as physicists paradoxically describe them as “point like” or having no size. Yet they do vary greatly in mass. In general, the heavier the particle, the rarer and more short-lived it is.

This graphic shows the particles sized proportionally according to their mass (weight). It also includes two non-fundamental particles for reference—the proton and neutron—as they are familiar to most people, forming the basis of everyday matter and all chemical elements. By studying fundamental particles, physicists hope to unravel many unsolved mysteries of the universe. The top 5 mysteries are listed in the graphic, as well as a historical timeline of when the particles were first discovered.

Why study these elusive and somewhat abstract objects? Because the smallest things in the universe may someday shed light on our biggest questions.