Where Data Tells the Story
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The fertility rate measures the average # of children a woman in a specific area will have over the course of her lifetime.
From this number, statisticians can make assumptions about future population change.
How?
As it happens, 2.1 is a key threshold.
At this level, the area’s population remains stable. Above it, it’s likely to grow (barring sudden war, disease, and famine). And below it, it’s likely to decline (barring immigration).
There is only one European country at this threshold: Monaco.