Where Data Tells the Story
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Luxembourg (#1), Ireland (#2), Switzerland (#3), Singapore (#4), the Netherlands (#11), and Hong Kong (#18) are big offshore wealth centers (IMF paper linked in sources).
These have robust financial services sectors, friendly tax rates for multinational corporations, and strict and privacy laws, making them a popular place for companies to headquarter or move assets there.
Financial flows coming into the country increase the GDP but may not reflect actual productivity and living standards. Thus, they rank higher in GDP per capita than more traditional economic powerhouses like Germany.
A number of oil-rich, small nations are also present on this list. Many of them are Gulf States, like Qatar (#10), UAE (#23), Saudi Arabia (#43) to name a few.
But Norway (#6) in Europe, and more recently Guyana (#41) in South America are other examples of the same phenomenon.