Where Data Tells the Story
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According to AidData (version 3.0), China provided around USD 1.34 trillion in international loans between 2000 and 2021, covering projects that were completed, ongoing, or in the planning stage. Russia (USD 169 billion), Venezuela (USD 113 billion), and Pakistan (USD 69 billion) were among the largest recipients globally.
The graph shows that China’s lending to the selected countries has declined since 2015. After a strong rise between 2008 and 2015, the overall trend reveals a steady drop in financial flows. By 2020–2021, China was lending considerably less than in earlier years, indicating a shift toward more cautious and selective overseas financing.